【BZOJ 4714】旋转排列

相关链接

题目传送门:http://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=4714
神犇题解:http://www.cnblogs.com/clrs97/p/6358603.html

题目大意

定义集合$A=\{1,2,\cdots,n\}$
对于$A$的任意一个排列$P$,其对于自然数$k$合法当且仅当:

  1. 对于$\forall i \in [1,n]$ 都有$a_i \ne i$
  2. 存在一个长度为$k$的序列$B$,使得$P_{B_i}=B_{i+1}$且$P_{B_k} = B_1$

定义$k=x$时$A$的合法排列数为$ans_x$,询问$\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{ans_i}$
由于答案可能很大,输出答案对$10^9 + 7$取模得到的结果

解题报告

我们发现,要求合法的第二个限制实际就是要求置换存在一个等于$k$的循环
于是我们对于每一个$k$,我们容斥一发,根据调和级数,这个复杂度是:$O(n \log n)$的

至于容斥的具体细节,假设我们当前钦定有$t$个长度为$k$的循环
设把$tk$个数分成$k$个循环的方案数为$g_{k,t}$
设$i$个数的错排的方案数为$d_i$
设$i$个数的环排列的方案数为$q_i$
那么这一部分的总方案数为:$g_{k,t} \cdot d_{n-kt} \cdot {{n} \choose {kt}}$

至于$q_i$怎么算?$q_i = (i-1)!$
至于$d_i$怎么算?我们可以$O(n)$预处理
至于$g_{k,t}$怎么算?我们考虑$1$所在的那个循环有哪些数,可以得到:$g_{k,t}=g_{k,t-1} \cdot d_k \cdot {{tk-1} \choose {k-1}}$

Code

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;

const int N = 500009;
const int MOD = 1000000007;

int n,ans,fac[N],rev[N],q[N];

inline int C(int a, int b) {
	if (a > b || a < 0) return 0;
	else return ((LL)fac[b] * rev[a] % MOD) * rev[b-a] % MOD;
}

inline int Pow(int w, int t) {
	int ret = 1;
	for (;t;t>>=1,w=(LL)w*w%MOD)
		if (t&1) ret=(LL)ret*w%MOD;
	return ret;
}

int main() {
	fac[0] = fac[1] = q[2] = q[0] = 1; 
	for (int i=2;i<N;i++) fac[i] = (LL)fac[i-1] * i % MOD;
	rev[N-1] = Pow(fac[N-1], MOD - 2);
	for (int i=N-2;~i;i--) rev[i] = rev[i+1] * (i + 1ll) % MOD; 
	for (int i=3;i<N;i++) q[i] = (i - 1ll) * (q[i-1] + q[i-2]) % MOD;
	cin>>n;
	for (int k=2,g;g=1,k<=n;k++) {
		for (int t=1;t*k<=n;t++) {
			g = ((LL)g * C(k-1, t*k-1) % MOD) * fac[k-1] % MOD;
			ans = (ans + ((t&1)?1:-1) * ((LL)g * C(k*t, n) % MOD) * q[n - k*t]) % MOD;
		} 
	}
	printf("%d\n",(ans+MOD)%MOD);
	return 0;
}

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