相关链接
题目传送门：http://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=3019
神犇题解：http://www.cnblogs.com/clrs97/p/6371367.html
解题报告
因为字典序大小这个东西实在是没有办法
所以我们根据它给的排列顺序来填数
这在原数列上的填充顺序是离散的
但考虑已经填了$i$个数，现在填第$i+1$个数
这大概是把一个空白的区间分成两份
于是我们预处理$f_{i,l,r}$表示长度为$i$，左右端点的字符分别为$l,r$的合法序列的方案数
这样我们就可以使用线段树在$O(\log n)$的时间复杂度内快速维护答案了
于是我们还是类比传统的数位DP，然后按照排列顺序往里加字符，使用线段树来维护答案
预处理的时间复杂度：$O(n)$，主程序的时间复杂度：$O(n \log n)$
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